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Gentile Gentili〔His father, also Gentile, was a doctor of Bologna, according to some sources ((Lo studio di Siena: Faccoltà di Medicina )).〕 da Foligno (died 18 June 1348) was an Italian professor and doctor of medicine, trained at Padua and the University of Bologna, and teaching probably first at Bologna, then at the University of Perugia, Siena (1322-24), where his annual stipend was 60 gold florins;〔(Lo studio di Siena: Faccoltà di Medicina ).〕 he was called to Padua (1325-35) by Ubertino I da Carrara, Lord of Padua, then returned to Perugia for the remainder of his career. He was the first European physician to perform a dissection on a human being (1341),〔(New Advent, History of Medicine: Padua )〕〔Whether the dissection took place at Perugia or at Padua may be a source of contention.〕 a practice long outlawed by the Christian Church as it compromised the completeness of the body awaiting Resurrection. Gentile wrote several widely copied and read texts and commentaries, notably his massive commentary covering all five books of the ''Canon of Medicine'' by the 11th-century Persian polymath Avicenna, the comprehensive encyclopedia that, in Latin translation, was fundamental to medieval medicine. Long after his death, Gentile da Foligno was remembered in the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493) as ''Subtilissimus rimator verborum Avicenne'', "that most subtle investigator of Avicenna's teachings"〔M. R. McVaugh, reviewing Roger French, ''Canonical Medicine: Gentile da Foligno and Scholasticism'' in ''Bulletin of the History of Medicine'' 76.4, (Winter 2002:810-811).〕 Other works by Gentile were ''De complexione, proportione et dosi medicinarum;'' ''Consilium de temporibus partus;'' ''De statu hominum''; ''De lepra''; ''De febribus''; ''De balneis''; ''De divisione librorum Galeni''; ''Tractatus de reductione medicinarum''; ''Regimen preservativum''; Among these the ''Consilium'', a compilation of therapeutic advice for many diseases. He made commentaries on two works, ''Carmina de urinarum iudiciis'' ("Songs of urinary judgements") part of a metrical work, the ''Carmina medica'', that had been composed by Egidius Corbaliensis, and Egidius' ''De pulsibus'' ("About pulses").〔See also Lynn Thorndike, "''Consilia'' and more works in manuscript by Gentile da Foligno", ''Medical History''. 3.1 (January 1959: 8–19).〕 A mark of the respect in which Gentile's work continued to be held, more than a century after his death, was the rapidity with which they appeared in print, from the Italian presses, beginning in the 1470s.〔Teodoro Katinis, ''Medicina e filosofia in Marsilio Ficino: Il Consiglio contra la Pestilentia'', (Rome, 2007), pp 40ff.〕 Gentile's commentary ''de urinarum iudiciis'' makes a first attempt to comprehend the physiology of urine formation; aided by his dissection of cadavers, Gentile asserted that urine associated with the blood passes ''per poros euritides'' ("through the porous tubules") of the kidney and is then delivered to the bladder. Commenting on ''De pulsibus'', he connected the relationship between fast pulse rate and urine output and correlated the color of urine with the condition of the heart. For the originality of his thought Mario Timio suggested〔Mario Timio, "Gentile da Foligno, a Pioneer of Cardionephrology: Commentary on Carmina de urinarum iudiciis and De pulsibus", ''American Journal of Nephrology'' 19 (1999:189-192) ((on-line abstract )).〕 that Gentile could be indicated as the 'first' cardionephrologist in the history of medicine. He prepared a widely read treatise on the Black Death, recommending theriac among other prophylaxis, but died of the plague himself. == Notes == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gentile da Foligno」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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